Restricting lignin and enhancing sugar deposition in secondary cell walls enhances monomeric sugar release after low temperature ionic liquid pretreatment

Restricting lignin and enhancing sugar deposition in secondary cell walls enhances monomeric sugar release after low temperature ionic liquid pretreatment

BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a major source of renewable sugar for biofuel production. Before enzymatic hydrolysis, biomass must first undergo a pretreatment step in order to be more susceptible to saccharification and generate high yields of fermentable sugars. Lignin, a complex, interlinked, phenolic polymer, associates with secondary cell wall polysaccharides, r...

Improved sugar yields from biomass sorghum feedstocks: comparing low-lignin mutants and pretreatment chemistries

BACKGROUND For biofuel production processes to be economically efficient, it is essential to maximize the production of monomeric carbohydrates from the structural carbohydrates of feedstocks. One strategy for maximizing carbohydrate production is to identify less recalcitrant feedstock cultivars by performing some type of experimental screening on a large and diverse set of candidate materials...

Lignin content in natural Populus variants affects sugar release.

The primary obstacle to producing renewable fuels from lignocellulosic biomass is a plant's recalcitrance to releasing sugars bound in the cell wall. From a sample set of wood cores representing 1,100 individual undomesticated Populus trichocarpa trees, 47 extreme phenotypes were selected across measured lignin content and ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl units (S/G ratio). This subset was tested...

Sugar composition of oat-coleoptile cell walls.

Understanding low sugar from NICE-SUGAR.

n engl j med 367;25 nejm.org december 20, 2012 2449 migraine and headache were collected separately. Of the 800 patients treated with enzalutamide, 3 (0.4%) were reported to have had a migraine. Headaches were reported in 93 patients treated with enzalutamide (11.6%) and in 22 of the 399 patients treated with placebo (5.5%). In the enzalutamide group, the majority of reports were for grade 1 he...